Here are the research papers I have written till date. You can download the copy by clicking on the download button.
Why is Money Created? Social, political and commercial origins of money [Sep-2026]
This paper asks why money exists at all, and rejects the textbook story that it was invented to overcome barter. Drawing on Mary Mellor, it treats money as older than markets and as having three interwoven origins: social (recording and settling obligations), political (rulers imposing and honouring claims), and commercial (trade and bank credit). The commercial layer now dominates, but it still rests on social and political trust. The paper then tests whether the euro, cryptocurrencies, and community currencies can detach money from state and society, and argues that they cannot fully do so.
US, China & Free Trade [Apr-2019]
The paper starts from Milton Friedman’s case for free trade—cost advantage, capital advantage, and the wealth effect—and asks why that case has strained under China’s export wave. Scale, asset bubbles, a job-profile versus skill-profile mismatch, cheap capital, and institutional hollowing explain why host economies absorbed more shock than the model predicted. Free trade itself is not condemned; the argument is that it fails at extreme dependence and needs an auto-corrective design, including a two-tiered currency idea. The last part sketches China’s domestic, overseas, and Belt-and-Road path and possible US responses, concluding that fair trade, not unconditioned free trade, is what survives.
Common Law & Indian Cases on Medical Negligence [Mar-2019]
A survey of common-law and Indian authority on medical negligence: duty of care, informed consent, causation, res ipsa loquitur, non-cooperating patients, and damages. Doctors must meet a prudent-doctor standard that is both expert-accepted and commonsensical; hospitals carry residual and often maximum liability. Patients must give a full history and raise the risks that matter to them; doctors must disclose outcomes, risks, and complications in a form the patient can use. The paper extracts practical guidelines for doctors, hospitals, and patients, and collects international and Indian case summaries.
A Solution to Farmer Suicides & Loan Waivers [Jun-2017]
Farmer distress is treated as a failure of agricultural economics, not only of credit policy: weak infrastructure, low productivity, thin margins, credit gaps, legal and risk problems, and a broken extension system. The proposed fix is a Smart Agriculture Management System (SAMS)—an ERP-like information layer for land, soil, weather, stocks, prices, and farmer assets, reachable by phone. SAMS is meant to guide crop choice, insurance, and contracts, make bank lending safer, target subsidies, and attract warehouse and logistics investment. Loan waivers and suicides are treated as symptoms; better information and risk-sharing are the intended cure.
Black Money and Demonetization [Nov-2016]
Written immediately after the November 2016 withdrawal of ₹500 and ₹1,000 notes, the paper separates black money from the black economy and places demonetisation as one move, not a complete strategy. It reviews earlier research, principles and tactics for attacking undeclared cash, and questions of inflation, deflation, GDP, tax yield, real estate, gold, SMEs, trusts, and terror finance. The conclusion is that demonetisation alone will not end black money; its real gain is forcing cash into banks and the formal system, to be followed by GST, income-tax reform, and closing remaining loopholes.
Pre-Marital Sex and Marriage: Position of Indian Law [Jun-2013]
The paper answers a Madras High Court ruling that treated a physical relationship as marriage. It maps personal law, custom, and constitutional overlay, then uses case law to show when a relationship is treated as equivalent to marriage and when it is not. Consensual pre-marital sex does not, by itself, create marriage; maintenance may still be justified on other grounds. The High Court’s conclusion on maintenance is accepted; its reasoning that sex equals marriage is treated as per incuriam.
Common Law Cases on Liabilities of Undisclosed Principal [Jan-2013]
As cross-border deals multiply, buyers often act through agents while the principal stays hidden. The paper compiles common-law cases on when that hidden principal can be sued, when the agent alone is liable, and when both can be pursued. Liability turns on whether the principal was undisclosed or only unnamed, what the agent represented, and whether identity mattered to the third party. The third party generally has an election: sue the agent or the principal, not both, except in fraud. Where the agent exceeds authority, the principal is usually not bound, though cases such as Watteau v Fenwick cut the other way.
Common Law on Remoteness of Damages Post the Achilleas Judgement [Jun-2012]
Starting from Hadley v Baxendale, the paper tracks how remoteness of contractual damages was read until The Achilleas seemed to add an “assumption of responsibility” requirement. Subsequent cases, especially Sylvia Shipping, confine that extra test to exceptional facts; in ordinary cases the first limb of Hadley still governs. The paper also flags poorly drafted exclusions of “consequential loss,” which often fail to shut out ordinary lost profit. The working rule: Achilleas modifies remoteness only in special cases, it does not replace Hadley.
How Cities Develop? [Oct-2009]
An idea-book on how a factory or business district becomes a town through seven phases, from seed settlement to strain, slums, and attempted relief. The Affinity Factor model explains why people cluster around workplaces, schools, and other magnets, and why airports and new business districts pull housing after them. The same logic is used to think about office location, relative house prices, and a workplace-centred township. The claims are observational rather than econometric, offered as planning and real-estate first principles.
